Some Short-term Memories Die Suddenly , No Fading
Weiwei Zhang, a postdoctoral scholar, and Steve Luck, a professor of psychology,conducted a pair of tests, both of which could separately measure two things: the accuracy of a short-term memory and the probability that the memory still existed. The first test was to show them 3 squares with colors, flashing for one tenth of a second. Then after 10 seconds they are shown a spectrum of colors with the 3 colors that appeared before, only that now they are colorless and one of them is highlighted. They ask you to select a color in the spectrum that has a highlighted square's original color. The closer they click to the color, the more accurate. The second test is similar , its difference is that instead of colors there shapes.They concluded , that either they had memory or not regardless to the closeness of the choosed colors , and the probabilty that the memories lie on 4 to 10 seconds , and the memories didnt fade away slowly . This can be important in real life because it would provide away to help us avoid the confusion that might occur if we tried to make decisions on the basis of weak, inaccurate memories.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090429091806.htm
New Understanding of How We Remember Traumatic Events
Neuroscientists and researchers at the University of Queensland discovered a theory that explains why it is so hard for us to forget traumatic events.The experiment consisted of many studies, lead by the Queensland Brain Institute.Dr. Louise Faber and some of her collages have demonstrated that people do not want to remember traumatic events with such detail so they have said that the formation of the emotional memories occur in the presence of a hormone that is known as the stress hormone. Stress hormones rise in the body during any neuroendocrine reaction such as surgery and they remain high to as long as 72 hours after which all these hormones return back to their normal level, the last being cortisol. It makes your heart beat faster.This treatment can now be used for people with anxiety disorders and post traumatic stress disorder.In real life we can use this experiment like to know how the long term memory of traumatic events works, and like if we have an traumatic accident we know what to do.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081028103111.htm
The Language Of Emotion: Ad Slogans In Native Tongues Connect To Consumers' Emotions
Authors Stefano Puntoni, Bart de Langhe, and Stijn van Osselaer were the ones that conducted this experiment . They tested different slogans with participants and found differences in how the messages were perceived. "Our findings show that, in general, messages expressed in consumers' native languages tend to be perceived as more emotional than messages expressed in their second language," the researchers write.The authors believe this effect is not due to differences in languages or participants' difficulty in understanding ad copy written in foreign languages.This research can apply to real life because and example is my fiend she cant express her self when she is angry in english she has to saw everything in spanish.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081215111433.htm
jueves, 28 de octubre de 2010
lunes, 18 de octubre de 2010
How does memory work?
1)Explain the concept of sensory memory?
The concept of sensory memory means that you have the ability to retain a brief image of a sensory stimulus, by this is when you see an object and then it disappear, you may still have a image of the object.
2)Give an example of sensory memory?
One example of this is for example you see a Ferrari, and in a moment the car goes away, you will still have the image of that Ferrari that you saw.
3)What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
The capacity of the sensory memory can get a lot of things at a time, but it can go fairly quickly from the memory. They are two types the Iconic Memory that can go in less then 1 second, and the Echoic memory that can go in less than 4 seconds.
4) Describe the concept of short-term memory?
The concept of short term memory is when your brain is able to hold a small amount of info in your memory that can be used in a short period of time. This means that short-term memory is used in daily bases, this is when you store infromation in your memory of a simple view, and it has the capacity and can decay over a short period of time
5)What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
The magic number is the capacity to us to remeber, and this is up to 7, plus or minus 2. This was conducted in 1956 by a psychologist named George A. Miller.
6) What is chunking?
The term "chunking"means getting pieces of information to make a better use of the short term memory. This is by recoding the pieces of info to make a better image of the memory recorded. This means that memory organizes items into manegable units.
7)What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
It has been determined to be ideal size of chunk in small pieces of memory. By this it means that 3 is the ideal number of chunking in a number or letter.
8)Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
Acoustic encoding
9)Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory
The capacity of the long term memory is unlimited because its impossible to calculate whats the limit for us to store memories . The duration is meant to be for a lifetime , they never leave your brain once they entered the long term memory.
10)Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
This is a psychological model proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin as a proposal for the structure of memory.This structure has three stages.
Sensory Memory: The information enters the human information processing system via a variety of channels associated with the different senses. Perceptual systems operate on this information to create perceptions.
Short Term Memory:Information that is attended to arrives in another temporary store called short-term or working memory. The more recent term "working memory" is intended to convey the idea that information here is available for further processing.
Long term memory: Long-term memory is the relatively permanent memory store in which you hold information even when you are no longer attending to it. Information held in LTM is not represented as patterns of neural activity.
11)Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
The Atkinson - Shiffrin model is much too linear, and does not accommodate for the subdivisions of STM and LTM memory stores . In the case of sensory memory, the model does not acknowledge the asynchronous of the neural activity.
This model somehow deals with the forms of memory in the model, but it does not take into account which information is presented can then be seen as some form of a power check that could not be disrupted,
12)Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
This theory rejects the idea of the dual store of memory . It propose that the information can be process in a lo t of ways .
13)What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information. An example is like when you need the number of some place and they give it to you so you repeat it out loud again and again to remember that number .
14)What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Is relating new material to material that is already familiar so it can be more easy to remember. An example might be relating a string of numbers to a phone number to memorize it more easy.
15)Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart developed it
The concept of sensory memory means that you have the ability to retain a brief image of a sensory stimulus, by this is when you see an object and then it disappear, you may still have a image of the object.
2)Give an example of sensory memory?
One example of this is for example you see a Ferrari, and in a moment the car goes away, you will still have the image of that Ferrari that you saw.
3)What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
The capacity of the sensory memory can get a lot of things at a time, but it can go fairly quickly from the memory. They are two types the Iconic Memory that can go in less then 1 second, and the Echoic memory that can go in less than 4 seconds.
4) Describe the concept of short-term memory?
The concept of short term memory is when your brain is able to hold a small amount of info in your memory that can be used in a short period of time. This means that short-term memory is used in daily bases, this is when you store infromation in your memory of a simple view, and it has the capacity and can decay over a short period of time
5)What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
The magic number is the capacity to us to remeber, and this is up to 7, plus or minus 2. This was conducted in 1956 by a psychologist named George A. Miller.
6) What is chunking?
The term "chunking"means getting pieces of information to make a better use of the short term memory. This is by recoding the pieces of info to make a better image of the memory recorded. This means that memory organizes items into manegable units.
7)What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
It has been determined to be ideal size of chunk in small pieces of memory. By this it means that 3 is the ideal number of chunking in a number or letter.
8)Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
Acoustic encoding
9)Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory
The capacity of the long term memory is unlimited because its impossible to calculate whats the limit for us to store memories . The duration is meant to be for a lifetime , they never leave your brain once they entered the long term memory.
10)Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
This is a psychological model proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin as a proposal for the structure of memory.This structure has three stages.
Sensory Memory: The information enters the human information processing system via a variety of channels associated with the different senses. Perceptual systems operate on this information to create perceptions.
Short Term Memory:Information that is attended to arrives in another temporary store called short-term or working memory. The more recent term "working memory" is intended to convey the idea that information here is available for further processing.
Long term memory: Long-term memory is the relatively permanent memory store in which you hold information even when you are no longer attending to it. Information held in LTM is not represented as patterns of neural activity.
11)Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
The Atkinson - Shiffrin model is much too linear, and does not accommodate for the subdivisions of STM and LTM memory stores . In the case of sensory memory, the model does not acknowledge the asynchronous of the neural activity.
This model somehow deals with the forms of memory in the model, but it does not take into account which information is presented can then be seen as some form of a power check that could not be disrupted,
12)Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
This theory rejects the idea of the dual store of memory . It propose that the information can be process in a lo t of ways .
13)What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information. An example is like when you need the number of some place and they give it to you so you repeat it out loud again and again to remember that number .
14)What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Is relating new material to material that is already familiar so it can be more easy to remember. An example might be relating a string of numbers to a phone number to memorize it more easy.
15)Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart developed it
miércoles, 13 de octubre de 2010
Memory
In this video you can see a series of event, that lead you up to the knowledge, of what it is called the memory. The memory is something important that every person needs to have a normal life. The memory is not only used to remember date of important events, names of people. Memory is used to remember things that you have seen or heard, even things that you don't remember you have seen. All this events are recorded in you brain. There are different type of memory that your brain contains like: explicit memory, feature memory, autobiographical memory. In this video you learn how people have seen things and had put it into their memory. When you are a small children, your memory is not very good, but still you can remember now some drastic events or important events that may have occur during your first years. There are many things that can change the memory path, this can be by medical issues. Some psychological doctors give to their patient pills that can make their memory change. Some people after certain age they loose the sense of memory, this normally occurs to the old people. People after the age of 60-70 start losing their sense of memory.
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